Middleware Tutorial in Laravel 11

 <?php


namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function register(Request $request)
    {
        $data = $request->validate([
            "name" => "required",
            "email" => "required|email",
            "age" => "required",
            "password" => "required|confirmed",
            "role" => "required"
        ]);

        // if above validation form field names like "name","email","password" and database column names both are same
        // then only we can save data in database by passing "$data" variable in create() method direct as shown below :
        $user = User::create($data);

        // when data is created in database at that time the id will return in "$user" variable
        if ($user) {
            return redirect()->route("login");
        }
    }

    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $credentials = $request->validate([
            "email" => "required",
            "password" => "required"
        ]);

        if (Auth::attempt($credentials)) {
            return redirect()->route("dashboard");
        }
    }

    public function dashboardPage()
    {
        return view("dashboard");
    }

    // check() and guest() both methods are opposite to each other
    // guest() method checks if user not login then only condition will true
    // check() method checks if user login then only condition will true
    public function innerPage()
    {
        return view("inner");
    }

    // Generally when user login at that time session will create and all sessions are stored in storage/framework/sessions folder in Laravel 11
    public function logout()
    {
        Auth::logout(); //Auth::logout() will remove or destroy session
        return view("login");
    }
}
Above File is app\Http\Controllers\UserController File




Below File is app\Http\Middleware\TestUser File
<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class TestUser
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
     */
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        echo "<h3 class='text-primary'>Test User Middleware</h3>";
        return $next($request);
    }
}





Below File is app\Http\Middleware\ValidUser File
<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class ValidUser
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response)  $next
     */
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, string $role): Response
    {
        echo "<h3 class='text-primary'>We are now in ValidUser Middleware.</h3>";
        echo "<h3 class='text-primary'>$role</h3>";

        if (Auth::check() && Auth::user()->role == $role) {
            return $next($request);
        } else if (Auth::user()->role == "reader") {
            return redirect()->route("user");
        } else {
            return redirect()->route("login");
        }
    }

    public function terminate(Request $request, Response $response): void
    {
        // When user's request completed then after "terminate()" method will call
        echo "<h3 class='text-danger'>We are now Terminating ValidUser Middleware.</h3>";
    }
}





Below File is app\Models\User File
<?php

namespace App\Models;

// use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    /** @use HasFactory<\Database\Factories\UserFactory> */
    use HasFactory, Notifiable;
    public $timestamps = false;
    protected $table = "users";

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var list<string>
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        "age",
        "role",
        'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
     *
     * @var list<string>
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    /**
     * Get the attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    protected function casts(): array
    {
        return [
            'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
            'password' => 'hashed',
        ];
    }
}





Below File is bootstrap\app File
<?php

use App\Http\Middleware\TestUser;
use App\Http\Middleware\ValidUser;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Exceptions;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Middleware;

return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withRouting(
        web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
        commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
        health: '/up',
    )
    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
        $middleware->alias([
            "IsUserValid" => ValidUser::class
        ]);

        // Middleware groups
        // we can use "prependToGroup()" instead of "appendToGroup()" method
        // $middleware->appendToGroup("ok-user",[
        //     ValidUser::class,
        //     TestUser::class
        // ]);

        // Global Middleware
        $middleware->append(TestUser::class);

        // If we want to apply multiple Global Middleware simultaneously then we can do as shown below :
        // $middleware->use([
        //     TestUser::class,
        //     ValidUser::class
        // ]);
    })
    ->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions) {
        //
    })->create();





Below File is database\migrations\2024_12_25_055624_create_users_table File
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     */
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string("name");
            $table->string("email");
            $table->integer("age");
            $table->string("role");
            $table->string("password");
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     */
    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
};





Below File is resources\views\dashboard File
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Dashboard</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-5 mt-5">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h1>Welcome, {{ Auth::user()->name }}</h1>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-body">
                        {{ Auth::user() }}
                        <a href="{{ route("inner") }}" class="btn btn-primary mt-5">Go to Inner Page</a>
                        <a href="{{ route("login") }}" class="btn btn-danger mt-5">Logout</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>




Below File is resources\views\inner File
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Inner Page</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-5 mt-5">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h1>Inner Page</h1>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-body">
                        <a href="{{ route("dashboard") }}" class="btn btn-primary">Back to Dashboard</a>
                        <a href="{{ route("login") }}" class="btn btn-danger">Logout</a><br><br>
                        @if(auth()->check())
                            Id : {{ auth()->id() }},
                            Name : {{ Auth::user()->name }},
                            Email : {{ Auth::user()->email }},
                            Age : {{ Auth::user()->age }},
                            Role : {{ Auth::user()->role }}
                        @endif
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>





Below File is resources\views\login File
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Login</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-5 mt-5">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h3>Login</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-body">
                        <form action="{{ route("loginMatch") }}" method="POST">
                            @csrf
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="useremail" class="form-label">Email Address</label>
                                <input type="email" value="{{ old("email") }}" name="email" class="form-control @error("email") is-invalid @enderror" id="useremail" placeholder="Enter email"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("email")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="userpassword" class="form-label">Password</label>
                                <input type="password" value="{{ old("password") }}" name="password" class="form-control @error("password") is-invalid @enderror" id="userpassword" placeholder="Enter password"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("password")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Login</button>
                            <a href="{{ route("welcomeTwo") }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back</a>
                        </form>
                    </div>

                    @if($errors->any())
                    <div class="alert alert-danger">
                        <ul>
                            @foreach($errors->all() as $error)
                                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
                            @endforeach
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                    @endif
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>





Below File is resources\views\register File
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Register</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-5 mt-5">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h3>Register</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-body">
                        <form action="{{ route("registerSave") }}" method="POST">
                            @csrf
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="username" class="form-label">Name</label>
                                <input type="text" value="{{ old("name") }}" name="name" class="form-control @error("name") is-invalid @enderror" id="username" placeholder="Enter username"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("name")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="useremail" class="form-label">Email address</label>
                                <input type="email" value="{{ old("email") }}" name="email" class="form-control @error("email") is-invalid @enderror" id="useremail" placeholder="Enter email"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("email")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="userage" class="form-label">Age</label>
                                <input type="text" value="{{ old("age") }}" name="age" class="form-control @error("age") is-invalid @enderror" id="userage" placeholder="Enter age"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("age")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="userpassword" class="form-label">Password</label>
                                <input type="password" value="{{ old("password") }}" name="password" class="form-control @error("password") is-invalid @enderror" id="userpassword" placeholder="Enter password"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("password")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="userpassword-confirm" class="form-label">Confirm Password</label>
                                <input type="password" value="{{ old("password_confirmation") }}" name="password_confirmation" class="form-control @error("password-confirmation") is-invalid @enderror" id="userpassword-confirm" placeholder="Enter confirm password"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("password_confirmation")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <div class="mb-3">
                                <label for="userrole" class="form-label">Role</label>
                                <input type="text" value="{{ old("role") }}" name="role" class="form-control @error("role") is-invalid @enderror" id="userrole" placeholder="Enter role"/>
                                <span class="text-danger">
                                    @error("role")
                                        {{ $message }}
                                    @enderror
                                </span>
                            </div>
                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Register</button>
                            <a href="{{ route("welcomeTwo") }}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back</a>
                        </form>
                    </div>

                    @if($errors->any())
                    <div class="card-footer text-body-secondary">
                        <div class="alert alert-danger">
                            <ul>
                                @foreach($errors->all() as $error)
                                    <li>{{ $error }}</li>
                                @endforeach
                            </ul>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    @endif
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>





Below File is resources\views\user File
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Readers Page</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-5 mt-5">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h3>Readers Page</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-body">
                        Hello, Reader
                        <a href="{{ route("logout") }}" class="btn btn-danger">Logout</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>





Below File is resources\views\welcomeTwo File
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>welcomeTwo</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <div class="col-5 mt-5">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h1 class="mb-5">Laravel Authentication</h1>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-body">
                        <a href="{{ route("register") }}" class="btn btn-primary">Register</a>
                        <a href="{{ route("login") }}" class="btn btn-primary">Login</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>




Below File is routes\web File
<?php

use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use App\Http\Middleware\TestUser;
use App\Http\Middleware\ValidUser;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

Route::get("/user", function(){
    return view("user");
})->name("user");

Route::view("welcomeTwo", "welcomeTwo")->name("welcomeTwo");

Route::view("/register", "register")->name("register");

Route::view("/login", "login")->name("login");

Route::controller(UserController::class)->group(function () {
    Route::post("registerSave", "register")->name("registerSave");
    Route::post("loginMatch", "login")->name("loginMatch");

    Route::get("dashboard", "dashboardPage")->name("dashboard");
    Route::get("dashboard/inner", "innerPage")->name("inner");

    // Below is "Route Middleware"
    // we can pass value role "admin" to check condition as shown below :
    // Route::get("dashboard", "dashboardPage")->name("dashboard")->middleware(["IsUserValid:admin", TestUser::class]);
    // Route::get("dashboard/inner", "innerPage")->name("inner")->middleware(["IsUserValid:admin", TestUser::class]);


    // Below "auth" is laravel's own in-built middleware
    // Route::get("dashboard", "dashboardPage")->name("dashboard")->middleware(["auth","IsUserValid:admin"]);
    // Route::get("dashboard/inner", "innerPage")->name("inner")->middleware(["auth","IsUserValid:admin"]);


    // Making group of Middleware, Below is "Route Middleware"
    // Route::middleware(["ok-user"])->group(function () {
    //     Route::get("dashboard", "dashboardPage")->name("dashboard");
    //     Route::get("dashboard/inner", "innerPage")->name("inner")->withoutMiddleware([TestUser::class]);    //Removing specific middleware from any specific route
    // });

    // Making group of withoutMiddleware, Below is "Route Middleware"
    // Route::withoutMiddleware([TestUser::class])->group(function () {
    //     Route::get("dashboard/inner", "innerPage")->name("inner");
    // });

    Route::get("logout", "logout")->name("logout");
});












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